2026年48（5）中英文摘要
【特约专稿】
海水电解中催化剂抗氯离子腐蚀性能研究进展
邓恺元1,2a，刘柯2a,3，雷蕾2b，黎挺挺*1，汪德高*2c,3
(1. 宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院，浙江宁波 315211；2. 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 a.浙江省数据驱动高安全能源材料及应用重点实验室，宁波市特种能源材料与化学重点实验室，先进核能材料实验室，b.浙江省生物基高分子材料重点实验室，高分子与复合材料实验室，c.前沿交叉科学研究中心，浙江 宁波 315201；3. 中国科学院大学，北京 101408)
摘要：海水电解在不加剧淡水资源压力的前提下为大规模绿色制氢提供了一条低成本的清洁能源转换途径。但海水中高浓度氯离子（~0.5 mol/L）引发的阳极腐蚀、析氯竞争及催化剂失活等问题，大幅降低电解效率、缩短设备寿命，严重制约其工业化应用。现有文献多聚焦催化剂分类或单一抗腐蚀策略的探讨，缺乏对氯离子侵蚀动态机制的系统解析，且忽视催化剂设计与电解体系的全链条适配性。系统阐述了海水电解核心科学矛盾及热力学竞争本质，重点分析了氯离子腐蚀与钙镁离子沉积两大挑战，深入揭示了氯离子对活性位点的毒化作用、晶格结构的破坏及金属腐蚀溶出3种侵蚀路径。基于氯离子腐蚀的干预机制及作用靶点，创新性地将抗腐蚀催化剂设计范式划分为主动调控、被动防御及全体系适配3大类别，结合原位表征与理论计算阐明其抗腐蚀机理。最后，比较了模拟海水与真实海水体系性能差异，展望催化剂发展方向，为其定向设计及其工业化应用提供理论基础与技术支撑。
关键词：电解海水；电催化剂；氯离子腐蚀；动态吸附调控；表面屏蔽
中图分类号：O64 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0046
Progress in Chloride Corrosion Resistance of Catalysts for Seawater Electrolysis DENG Kai-yuan1,2a, LIU Ke2a,3, LEI Lei2b, LI Ting-ting*1, WANG De-gao*2c,3 (1. School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; 2a.Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Data-Driven High-Safety Energy Materials and Applications, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Special Energy Materials and Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China, 2b.Key Laboratory of Biobased Polymeric Materials of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China, 2c.Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences Research (AIR) Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China； 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408)
Abstract：Seawater electrolysis is a cost-effective and environmentally sustainable approach for large-scale green hydrogen production that reduces reliance on freshwater resources. However, challenges such as anode corrosion, competitive chlorine evolution, and catalyst deactivation―primarily caused by the high chloride ion concentration (~0.5 mol/L) in seawater―substantially reduce electrolysis efficiency, shorten equipment lifetime, and limit industrial deployment. Existing studies have predominantly focused on classifying catalyst types or exploring isolated anticorrosion strategies, with limited comprehensive analysis of the dynamic mechanisms underlying chloride ion?induced degradation and insufficient attention to the integrative compatibility between catalyst design and the overall electrolysis system. This review examines the fundamental scientific challenges and thermodynamic competition in seawater electrolysis, with particular emphasis on the dual challenges of chloride ion corrosion and calcium?magnesium ion deposition. It further delineates three principal chloride ion?induced degradation pathways: active-site poisoning, lattice structure disruption, and metal corrosion coupled with dissolution. Based on the mechanisms and targets of chloride ion corrosion, an innovative anticorrosion catalyst design framework is proposed, including three categories: active regulation, passive defense, and holistic system adaptation. The anticorrosion mechanisms are systematically elucidated by integrating in situ characterization techniques with theoretical modeling. Finally, this review compares the performance of simulated and real seawater systems, outlines future directions for catalyst development, and provides a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the targeted design and industrial application of seawater electrolysis catalysts.
Key words：seawater electrolysis; electrocatalyst; chloride ion corrosion; dynamic adsorption regulation; surface shielding
【综述与专论】
小檗碱及其衍生物抗菌作用研究进展
尹灵，刘庆汉，廖向文*，王金涛*
(江西科技师范大学 ，江西 南昌 330013)
摘要：全球多重耐药菌广泛传播，抗生素耐药?；泳纾晨咕┪锪菩陆涤胄滦鸵┪镅蟹⒉蛔?，推动天然抗菌活性物质成为研究热点。小檗碱是黄连等传统中药的主要异喹啉类生物碱，具有低毒性、低致突变性、多靶点作用及低耐药诱导风险，在抗感染领域展现出重要应用前景。系统阐述小檗碱的理化特性与广谱药理活性，重点总结其六大抗菌机制。综述小檗碱对金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、艰难梭菌等革兰氏阳性菌，以及大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、幽门螺杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用，尤其对多重耐药菌株仍保持良好活性，结构修饰衍生物可显著提升抗菌效果。同时，小檗碱作为天然外排泵抑制剂，与多种抗生素联用呈现协同增效作用，可逆转细菌耐药；对白色念珠菌、新生隐球菌等真菌亦具有广谱抑制活性。尽管小檗碱存在水溶性差、生物利用度低等瓶颈，新型制剂递送策略已有效改善其应用局限。为小檗碱及其衍生物在抗多重耐药菌领域的研究与临床转化提供参考，为应对全球抗菌药物耐药?；峁┲幸揭┧悸贰?/span>
关键词：小檗碱；抗菌；抗菌机制；协同作用；多重耐药菌
中图分类号：O62 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0052
Research Progress on the Antibacterial Effects of Berberine and Its Derivatives YIN Ling, LIU Qing-han, LIAO Xiang-wen*, WANG Jin-tao* (Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China)
Abstract: The widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide has exacerbated the antibiotic resistance crisis. The diminished efficacy of conventional antibacterial agents and insufficient development of novel drugs have driven intensive research on natural antimicrobial active substances. Berberine, a major isoquinoline alkaloid derived from traditional Chinese medicines such as Coptis chinensis Franch., exhibits low toxicity, low mutagenicity, multi-target effects, and low risk of inducing drug resistance, showing promising application prospects in the field of anti-infective therapy. This study systematically elaborated on the physicochemical properties and broad-spectrum pharmacological activities of berberine, focusing on its six major antibacterial mechanisms. It reviews the inhibitory effects of berberine on gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridioides difficile, and on gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Helicobacter pylori. Notably, berberine retains favorable activity against multidrug-resistant strains, and its structurally modified derivatives can significantly enhance its antibacterial efficacy. Furthermore, as a natural efflux pump inhibitor, berberine exerts synergistic effects when combined with various antibiotics and can reverse bacterial resistance. It also exhibits broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against fungi, including Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Despite limitations, such as poor water solubility and low bioavailability, novel formulation and delivery strategies have effectively improved its application constraints. This review provides a reference for the research and clinical translation of berberine and its derivatives in combating multidrug-resistant bacteria, and offers insights from traditional Chinese medicine to address the global antibiotic resistance crisis.
Key words：berberine; antibacterial; antibacterial mechanism; synergistic effect; multidrug-resistant bacteria
香豆素类药物药理活性研究进展
刘帝1, 万明涛2, 路文涛3, 王丹3, 叶文强4, 门靖*5,6
（1. 陕西省汉中市汉台区市场监督管理局汉中路所，陕西 汉中 723000；2. 陕西省汉中市汉台区市场监督管理局铺镇所 陕西 汉中 723007；3. 陕西省药品和疫苗检查中心，陕西西安 710077；4. 陕西中医药大学药学院，陕西咸阳 712046；5.陕西共裕康宸医药科技有限公司，陕西西安 710086；6. 陕西科技大学 化学与化工学院，陕西 西安 710021）
摘要：香豆素类化合物是由苯并α-吡喃酮环稠合成的次级代谢产物，属于邻羟基肉桂酸内酯类化合物，广泛存在于自然界中。香豆素类化合物因具有丰富的药理活性及治疗多种疾病的潜力而备受关注，其药理活性及应用是天然产物、新药开发、大健康领域的研究热点。香豆素类化合物常作为优势结构被应用于药物设计和新药开发领域。多年来，研究人员进行了深入研究，将吡喃基、倍半萜烯基、烷基胺、硝基、芳烃基、哌嗪基、丙烯酸酯基、三氟甲基等多种化学基团引入香豆素母环结构中，并有多种香豆素类药物已被成功应用于疾病的治疗。香豆素类药物的开发与应用已成为抗菌、抗肿瘤领域新药开发和天然产物研究的重要方向，展现出丰富的药理活性和较高的临床价值?；谝┒墒菘夂凸谕馕南椎难芯砍晒跃哂锌鼓?、抗菌、抗肿瘤等治疗活性的香豆素类药物研究进展进行综述，并对其发展前景进行展望，以期对香豆素类药物的进一步研发和应用提供参考。
关键词：香豆素；药理活性；研究进展；抗菌；抗肿瘤
中图分类号：R284 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2026）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0044
Research Progress in Molecular Activity of Coumarin-Related Drugs LIU Di1, WAN Ming-tao2, LU Wen-tao3, WANG Dan3, YE Wen-qiang4, MEN Jing5,6 (1. Market Supervision and Administration Bureau of Hantai District of Hanzhong Road, Hanzhong 723000, China; 2. Market Supervision and Administration Bureau of Hantai District of Puzhen, Hanzhong 723007, China; 3. Shaanxi Center for Drug and Vaccine Inspection, Xi’an 710077, China; 4. College of pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; 5. Shaanxi Gongyu Kangchen Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi’an 710086, China; 6. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China）
Abstract: Coumarin compounds are secondary metabolites formed by the fusion of a benzene ring and an α-pyrone ring, belonging to the class of ortho-hydroxycinnamic acid lactones, which are widely distributed in nature. Coumarins have attracted considerable attention owing to their rich pharmacological activity and potential for treating various diseases, with applications in natural products, drug design and development, and overall health. For many years, researchers have studied coumarins in depth, introducing various functional groups, such as pyran, sesquiterpene, alkylamine, nitro, aromatic, piperazine, acrylate, and trifluoromethyl groups, into their parent ring structure. Several coumarin drugs―particularly antibacterial and antitumor drugs―have been successfully used to treat various diseases, demonstrating their rich pharmacological activity and high clinical value. This review summarizes the research progress of coumarin drugs with therapeutic activities, including anticoagulation, antibacterial, and antitumor effects, based on drug databases and domestic and foreign literature. This study provides an outlook on the development prospects of coumarin drugs, aiming to provide a reference for further research, development, and application.
Key words：coumarin; pharmacological activity; research progress; antibacterial; antitumor
【生化与药用试剂】
基于ST-6-2核酸适配体的显色探针用于快速检测新冠病毒S蛋白
王新研，朱鹤2，嘎鲁*1，爱军*2
(1. 内蒙古医科大学药学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010110；2. 内蒙古师范大学 化学与环境科学学院，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010022)
摘要：基于ST-6-2核酸适配体与金纳米颗粒（AuNPs），构建了一种用于快速检测新冠病毒S蛋白的比色生物传感器。采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸法制备粒径均匀的AuNPs，通过圆二色光谱验证适配体与S蛋白的结合构象变化。比较了冷冻-解冻法、盐老化法和低pH法3种DNA与AuNPs的偶联策略，以UV-Vis光谱评估偶联效果，确定低pH法为最优方案。将巯基修饰的cDNA和Poly T共价偶联至AuNPs表面，制备显色探针（AuNPs@SH-DNA）。基于竞争性侧向流层析原理，组装试纸条，用于S蛋白的可视化检测。实验结果表明，该传感器对S蛋白具有良好的信号响应，可实现快速、低成本、便携式检测。该比色传感器平台为新冠病毒的即时检测提供了新方案，在疫情筛查和分散式诊断中具有应用潜力。
关键词：金纳米颗粒；核酸适配体；新冠病毒S蛋白；比色传感器；侧向流层析
中图分类号： O65 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0074
Colorimetric Probe Based on ST-6-2 Aptamer for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein WANG Xin-yan 1, ZHU He 2，GA Lu *1, AI Jun *2 (1. School of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110; 2. College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022)
Abstract：A colorimetric biosensor based on ST-6-2 aptamer and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed for the rapid detection of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. AuNPs with uniform particle size were synthesized using the sodium-citrate reduction method, and the binding conformational change between the aptamer and the spike protein was verified via circular dichroism spectroscopy. Three conjugation strategies for the DNA functionalization of AuNPs, namely the freeze?thaw, salt-aging, and low-pH methods, were compared. The conjugation efficiency was evaluated based on UV-Vis absorption spectra, and the low-pH method was identified as the optimal strategy. A colorimetric probe (AuNPs@SH-DNA) was constructed by covalently coupling thiol-modified cDNA and Poly T to the surface of AuNPs. Based on the principle of competitive lateral-flow chromatography, a test strip was assembled for the visual detection of the spike protein. Experimental results show that the sensor exhibited favorable signal response toward the spike protein, thus enabling rapid, low-cost, and point-of-care detection. This colorimetric aptasensor platform provides a novel solution for the point-of-care testing of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrates significant potential for epidemic screening and decentralized diagnostics.
Key words：gold nanoparticles; aptamer; SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; colorimetric sensor; lateral flow chromatography
【分离提取技术】
金丹附延颗?；臃⒂桶瞎ひ昭芯?/span>
朱良辉1，吴倩颖1,2，陈伟康＊1，刘德鸿1，陈希1，缪贵忠3
(1. 江西省药品检验检测研究院江西省药品与医疗器械质量工程技术研究中心，江西南昌 330029；2. 江西中医药大学 药学院，江西 南昌 330004；3. 江西华太药业有限公司，江西 宜丰 336300)
摘要：优选金丹附延颗粒挥发油的饱和水溶液法环糊精包合制备工艺。在单因素考察的基础上，以包合率、得率、载药量的综合评分为评价指标，采用响应面法，对温度、时间、转速、β-环糊精与挥发油质量体积比进行考察。通过Design-Expert 13软件分析各因素的交互作用优选最佳工艺参数。利用4种表征实验（电子显微镜、薄层色谱图、红外光谱、紫外光谱）检验包合物是否已成功形成。最佳的包合工艺参数为：实验温度30 ℃、搅拌时间2.15 h，转速1400 r/min，β-环糊精与挥发油质量体积比6:1；响应面结果P值＜0.05，R2＞0.9，表明该方案可行性高。转速和β-环糊精与挥发油质量体积比之间存在交互影响。4种表征实验从多维度验证了包合物与其他材料的区别，证实包合物已形成，表明该工艺稳定可靠。优化了金丹附延颗?；臃⒂?/span>β-环糊精包合物的包合制备工艺，该方法稳定可行，可为后续相关生产的研究和开发提供参考。
关键词：金丹附延颗粒；挥发油；包合物；响应面；饱和水溶液法
中图分类号：R94 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0036
Research on the Volatile Oil Embedding Process of Jindan Fuyan Granules ZHU Liang-hui1,WU Qian-ying1,2 ,CHEN Wei-kang*1, LIU De-hong1, CHEN Xi1 ,MIAO Gui-zhong3(1. Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Drug Control, Jiangxi Province Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Medical Instrument Quality, Jiangxi 30029, China; 2. School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China；3. Jiangxi Huatai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yifeng 336300, China)
Abstract: This study aimed to optimize the preparation process of a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex containing the volatile oil from JinDan FuYan Granules via the saturated aqueous solution method. On the basis of single-factor experiments, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the effects of the temperature, stirring time, stirring speed, and mass?volume ratio of β-CD to volatile oil, with the comprehensive score of the inclusion rate, yield, and drug loading capacity set as the evaluation index. Design-Expert 13 software was applied to analyze the interactions of various factors and optimize the process parameters. Four characterization experiments, including scanning electron microscopy, thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet?visible spectroscopy, were performed to verify the successful formation of the inclusion complex. The optimal inclusion process parameters were determined as follows: experimental temperature of 30 ℃, stirring time of 2.15 h, stirring speed of 1400 r/min, and mass?volume ratio of β-CD to volatile oil of 6:1. The P-value of the RSM model was less than 0.05, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was greater than 0.9, indicating favorable fitting performance and high feasibility of the established model. A significant interaction was detected between the stirring speed and the mass?volume ratio of β-CD to volatile oil. The four characterization experiments verified the differences between the inclusion complex and raw materials from multiple dimensions, confirmed the successful formation of the inclusion complex, and proved the stability and reliability of the optimized process. This study optimizes the preparation process of a β-CD inclusion complex containing volatile oil from JinDan FuYan Granules. The established method is stable and feasible, and can provide insights for subsequent research and development of related industrial production.
Key words: Jindan Fuyan granules; volatile oil; inclusion complex; response surface methodology: saturated aqueous solution method
【化学品与环境】
基于傅里叶变换红外气体分析仪的零气发生器检测方法研究
吕利*，夏春，李剑，程丽萍，王海燕，杨倩，王国娟
(青岛市计量技术研究院，山东 青岛 266101)
摘要：零气发生器性能能否满足标准要求，直接影响后续分析结果的准确性。为了检测零气发生器性能符合国家标准GB18285-2018要求，设计了一种使用傅里叶变换红外气体分析仪检测零气发生器性能的方法。通过动态稀释法将不同种类的国家有证标准气体稀释到国标要求的检测用特定浓度值，文中称其为“参考标准气体”。傅里叶变换红外气体分析仪测量参考标准气体的响应值，并考察分析仪对不同参考标准气体的检出限。依次将国家有证标准气体先后输入A、B、C 3个厂家零气发生器，输出气体使用傅里叶变换红外气体分析仪测量响应值，并与参考标准气体的响应值做除法。结果表明，3个厂家零气发生器都能满足国标的要求，该方法在零气发生器校准检测中的良好应用表现，提高了零气发生器检测效率和可靠性，为零气质量检测提供重要参考。
关键词：零气发生器；标准物质；傅里叶变换红外气体分析仪；动态稀释法；检出限
中图分类号：O65 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2026）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0009
Research on the Detection Method for Zero-Gas Generator Based on Fourier-Transform Infrared Gas Analyzer LV Li*, XIA Chun, LI Jian, CHENG Li-ping, WANG Hai-yan, YANG Qian,WANG Guo-juan (Qingdao Institute of Measurement Technology, Qingdao, 266101, China)
Abstract：The performance of a zero-gas generator directly affects the accuracy of the subsequent analysis results. To determine whether the performance meets the requirements of the national standard GB18285-2018, a detection method incorporating a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer was designed. Various nationally certified standard gases were dynamically diluted to the specific concentrations required by the national standard for detection, which are referred to as “reference standard gases” in the text. The FTIR gas analyzer measured the responses of the reference standard gases, and the detection limits of the analyzer were determined for various reference standard gases. National certified standard gases were successively input into zero-gas generators from three different manufacturers: A, B, and C. The responses of the output gases were measured using the FTIR gas analyzer and then divided by the responses of the reference standard gases. The results showed that the zero-gas generators from all three manufacturers met the requirements of the national standard. The robust performance of this method for the calibration and assessment of detection capability of zero-gas generators improves their detection efficiency and reliability, providing an important reference for the quality detection of zero gas.
Key words：zero air generator; reference material; FTIR spectroscopy; dynamic dilution method; detection limit
【分析与测试】
磁性复合材料的制备及其在水中多氯联苯测定中的应用
王福德，张文舒*2
（1.山东省沂水县检验检测中心，山东临沂 276400；2.合肥综合性科学中心环境研究院，安徽 合肥 231299）
摘要：通过将聚多巴胺（PDA）包覆在磁性材料表面合成磁性复合材料NiFe2O4/SiO2@PDA，建立了一种磁固相萃取-气质联用快速测定水中18种PCBs的方法。称取0.05 g NiFe2O4/SiO2@PDA萃取剂，加入装有15.0 mL样品中（已调节样品pH 3.0），加入1.0 μL替代物标液，涡旋提取1.5 min，磁铁分离后倾出溶液，加入1.0 mL V(二氯甲烷):V(丙酮) = 1:1混合溶液，涡旋解吸2 min，磁铁分离后将溶液装入色谱小瓶中，至气质联用仪进行测定。方法学验证结果：18种PCBs的方法检出限为0.03~0.1 μg/L，相关系数 r ≥ 0.9995；对实际废水样品进行两个质量浓度（3.33、13.3μg/L）的加标分析，加标回收率范围分别为91.8%~105%和92.8%~105%，相对标准偏差范围分别为1.7%~4.4%和1.6%~3.9%（n = 6）；磁性复合材料重复萃取6次后，目标物回收率93.1%~103%。该方法操作简单、快速、准确、可循环，可应用于水中18种PCBs的测定。
关键词：多氯联苯；气质联用仪；磁固相萃取；废水；聚多巴胺
中图分类号：O657 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0014
Preparation of Magnetic Composite Materials and Its Application in the Determination of PCBs in Water WANG Fu-de1，ZHANG Wen-shu*2 （1.Yishui County Inspection and Testing Center，Linyi 276400, China；2. Institute of Environment Hefei Comprehensive Science Center, Hefei 231299, China）
Abstract：A magnetic composite material, NiFe2O4/SiO2@PDA, was synthesized by coating the surface of a magnetic material with polydopamine (PDA). A method for the rapid determination of 18 PCBs in water using magnetic solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MSPE-GC-MS) was established. NiFe?O?/SiO?@PDA extractant (0.05 g) was added to water (15 mL; the pH of the sample was adjusted to 3.0), and a surrogate standard solution (1.0 μL) was added. The mixture was extracted by vortexing for 1.5 min, separated with a magnet, and the supernatant was decanted. Subsequently, 1.0 mL of dichloromethane:acetone (1:1 v/v) was added, followed by vortex desorption for 2 min and a second separation with a magnet. The solution was transferred to a chromatographic vial and injected into a gas chromatography?mass spectrometer for determination. The method validation results are as follows: the method detection limits (MDLs) for the 18 PCBs ranged from 0.03 to 0.1 μg/L, with correlation coefficients (r) ≥ 0.9995. Spiked recovery tests were performed on actual wastewater samples at two concentrations (3.33 and 13.3 μg/L). The spiked recoveries ranged from 91.8% to 105% and 92.8% to 105%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.7?4.4% and 1.6?3.9% (n = 6). After six repeated extractions using the magnetic composite material, the recoveries of the target analytes remained in the range of 93.1%~103%. This method is simple, rapid, accurate, recyclable, and can be applied to the determination of 18 PCBs in water.
Keywords：PCBs；GCMS；MSPE；wastewater；PDA
2023-2025年芜湖市市售果蔬中30种农药残留污染状况调查与分析
陶媛*，胡美红，张菁，李勇竞
（芜湖市疾病预防控制中心，安徽芜湖 241000）
摘要：分析近3年芜湖市市售水果、蔬菜中30种农药残留量，评估经果蔬途径摄入农药的健康风险。参照食品安全风险监测方案，分别抽取芜湖市2023、2024和2025年市售蔬果类食品，共111份样品，参考2023、2024及2025年《国家食品污染物和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的检测方法。对样品中噻虫胺等30种农药含量进行检测，并采用风险商值HQ及累计暴露危害指数法HI对检出的农药残留进行膳食暴露风险评估，评价因膳食摄入对人体健康的风险。111份果蔬样品中，检出有农药残留的样品为74份，检出率为66.7%（74/111），其中2023年样本数为41份，检出率为70.7%(29/41)；2024年样本数为30份，检出率为70.0%(21/30)；2025年样本数为40份，检出率为60.0%(24/40)。近3年监测的样品中，超标7份，超标率为6.31%（7/111）。8大类蔬菜和5大类水果样品农药残留，检出率前三的是鲜豆类（100%），柑橘类（100%），叶菜类（88.9%）；超标率前三的是根茎类（33.3%），鲜豆类（25.0%），鳞茎类和芸薹类（20.0%）。此外，部分样品存在多种农药残留现象。111份果蔬样品中，有50份检出两种或两种以上农药残留，多残留率为45.0%（50/111）。以暴露浓度最大值计算蔬菜中HQ，范围为0~2.59，以暴露浓度平均值计算蔬菜中HQ，范围为0~0.0378，HI为0.090。以暴露浓度最大值计算水果中HQ，范围为0~0.138, 以暴露浓度平均值计算水果中HQ，范围为0~0.0073，HI为0.013。2023~2025年芜湖市市售果蔬农药残留总体上污染程度较轻，3年检出率呈下降趋势，但少数样品存在一定健康风险。
关键词：果蔬；农药残留；食品安全；健康风险；结果分析
中图分类号：O65 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2026）--
DOI: 10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0010
Investigation of the Pollution Status of 30 Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 TAO Yuan*, Hu Mei-hong, ZHANG Jing, Li Yong-jing (Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhu 241000, China)
Abstract: This study analyzed the levels of 30 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City over the past three years and assessed the health risks associated with pesticide intake through the consumption of these foods. A total of 111 samples of fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 were collected. The detection method refers to the 2023, 2024, and 2025 National Food Contaminants and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Work Manual. The levels of 30 pesticides, including clothianidin, were analyzed in the samples, and the Health Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) methods were employed to assess dietary exposure risks and evaluate the risks to human health due to dietary intake. Among the 111 fruit and vegetable samples, 74 contained pesticide residues, with a detection rate of 66.7% (74/111). Specifically, 41 samples from 2023 had a pesticide detection rate of 70.7% (29/41); 30 samples from 2024 had a pesticide detection rate of 70.0% (21/30); and 40 samples from 2025 had a pesticide detection rate of 60.0% (24/40). Among the samples monitored over the past three years, seven exceeded the allowable limits, representing an over-limit rate of 6.31% (7/111). In terms of pesticide residues in the eight major categories of vegetables and five major categories of fruits, the top three categories in terms of detection rate were fresh beans (100%), citrus fruits (100%), and leafy vegetables (88.9%); the top three categories in terms of over-limit rate were root vegetables (33.3%), fresh beans (25.0%), and bulbous and brassica vegetables (20.0%). In addition, some samples contained multiple pesticide residues. Among the 111 fruit and vegetable samples, 50 contained two or more types of pesticide residues, with a multiresidue rate of 45.0% (50/111). When calculated based on the maximum exposure concentration and average exposure concentration in vegetables, the HQ ranged from 0 to 2.59 and from 0 to 0.0378 (with an HI of 0.090), respectively. When the HQ in fruits was calculated based on the maximum exposure concentration and average exposure concentration, the range was 0?0.138 and 0?0.0073 (with an HI of 0.013), respectively. Overall, the pollution levels of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables sold in Wuhu City from 2023 to 2025 were relatively low. The detection rate showed a downward trend over the three year period, but a few samples indicated health risks.
Keywords: fruits and vegetables; pesticide residues; food safety; health risks; result analysis
基于ATR-FTIR法快速鉴别亳州产菊花品种
荣百玲，范成龙1，朱倩1，陈寅1，卓园园1，崔雪娇2，张小倩2，徐倩3，胡云飞*2
(1. 江苏省人民医院宿迁医院，江苏宿迁 223800；2.亳州学院 安徽省现代中药产业共性技术研究中心，安徽 亳州 236800；3.安徽中医药大学第二附属医院，安徽 合肥 230061)
摘要：为建立一种快速、准确的亳州菊花品种鉴别方法，本研究采用衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱（ATR-FTIR）结合化学计量学方法，对11个不同品种的亳州菊花样品进行分析。首先采集各样品的ATR-FTIR光谱信息，并对原始光谱数据进行多种预处理和变量筛选，以降低噪声干扰、增强光谱特征并提高模型的分类能力。在此基础上，采用正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）对不同品种菊花样品进行分类识别，考察其在模式识别中的应用效果。ATR-FTIR光谱能够较好地反映不同品种亳州菊花样品的化学组成差异，结合化学计量学分析可实现对不同品种样品的快速分类与有效鉴别。OPLS-DA结果显示，不同品种菊花样品之间具有较为清晰的聚类趋势，能够较直观地反映各品种间的差异。通过对多种光谱预处理方法及变量选择方法的比较与评估，确定MSC结合2nd D为最优预处理方法。进一步采用支持向量机（SVM）建立分类预测模型。结果显示，SVM模型具有优异的分类性能和较高的预测精度，训练集准确率达到100%，测试集准确率为98.2%，表明所建立模型具有良好的识别能力和泛化性能。研究结果说明，ATR-FTIR结合化学计量学方法能够有效区分不同品种的亳州菊花。与传统鉴别方法相比，该方法具有操作简便、分析快速、效率高及结果准确可靠等优点，可为亳州菊花品种鉴别及质量评价提供新的技术手段和理论依据。
关键词：菊花；ATR-FTIR；化学计量学；品种鉴别；质量评价
中图分类号：O657.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0058
Rapid Identification of Chrysanthemum Varieties Produced in Bozhou Based on ATR-FTIR Method RONG Bai-ling1, FAN Cheng-long1, ZHU Qian1, CHEN Yin1, ZHUO Yuan-yuan1, CUI Xue-jiao2, Zhang Xiao-qian2, XU Qian3, HU Yun-fei *2(1. Suqian Hospital of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Suqian 223800, China; 2. Anhui Provincial Research Center for Common Technologies of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China; 3. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China)
Abstract：To establish a rapid and accurate method for the identification of chrysanthemum varieties in Bozhou, we analyzed 11 varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from Bozhou by combining attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy with chemometric methods. First, ATR-FTIR spectral information was collected from all the samples, and the raw spectral data were subjected to multiple preprocessing methods and variable selection to reduce noise interference, enhance the spectral features, and improve the classification ability of the model. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to classify and identify samples of different chrysanthemum varieties, and its application in pattern recognition was evaluated. The ATR-FTIR spectra reflected the differences in the chemical composition among the different varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from Bozhou. When combined with chemometric analysis, this method enabled the rapid classification and effective discrimination of different varieties. The OPLS-DA results showed a relatively clear clustering trend among samples from different varieties and visually reflected the differences among the varieties. By comparing and evaluating the various spectral preprocessing and variable selection methods, multiplicative scatter correction combined with second derivative (2nd D) was determined to be the optimal preprocessing method. Furthermore, a support vector machine (SVM) model was established for classification and prediction. The results showed that the SVM model exhibited excellent classification performance and high predictive accuracy, with an accuracy of 100% for the training set and 98.2% for the test set, indicating that the established model possessed good recognition ability and generalization performance. These findings demonstrate that ATR-FTIR combined with chemometric methods can effectively distinguish different varieties of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from Bozhou. Compared with traditional identification methods, this method has the advantages of simple operation, rapid analysis, high efficiency, and accurate and reliable results. Therefore, this study provides a new technical method and theoretical basis for the identification of chrysanthemum varieties and quality evaluation of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. from Bozhou.
Key words：Chrysanthemum morifolium; ATR-FTIR; chemometrics; variety identification; quality evaluation
基于新型SPME/GC×GC-QTOF-MS技术检测4种食源性致病菌挥发性代谢物
黄宝华1,2，方舒婷2,3，黄毅权2，陈智勇2，刘舒芹*3，周志*1
（1. 广州医科大学 药学院，广东 广州 511436；2. 广东省科学院测试分析研究所（中国广州分析测试中心），广东 广州 510070；3. 暨南大学 环境与气候学院，广东 广州 511443）
摘要：致病菌诱发的食源性疾病严重威胁食品安全，因此，亟需开发便捷且有效的食品病原体识别方法。近年来，随着代谢组学技术的成熟和微生物挥发性代谢产物数据库的完善，挥发性代谢产物分析已成为食品和临床中致病菌鉴别的重要替代方法。因此，为实现食源性致病菌的快速、无损识别，将固相微萃?。?/span>Solid-phase microextraction，SPME）技术与全二维气相色谱四极杆飞行时间质谱（Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry，GC×GC-QTOF-MS）技术耦合，构建了一种基于细菌挥发性代谢物指纹的原位检测策略。采用新型自制SPME探针，对蜡样芽孢杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、痢疾杆菌和阪崎肠杆菌培养体系中释放的挥发性代谢物进行高覆盖捕获与分析，成功鉴定出107种微生物挥发性有机化合物。进一步的多变量统计分析表明，不同致病菌的响应挥发性代谢特征明显分离，并筛选出21种潜在的差异性挥发性代谢物，其中在蜡样芽孢杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、痢疾杆菌和阪崎肠杆菌分别筛选出5、5、7和4种。随后的食品样品验证结果显示，吲哚可作为阪崎肠杆菌的特征性挥发性标志物，在乳制品基质中仍能够被稳定检出。总体而言，基于微生物挥发性代谢指纹的分析方法在食源性致病菌快速识别中具有一定应用潜力，可为食品安全检测和风险防控提供技术参考。
关键词：食源性致病菌；微生物挥发性有机化合物；代谢组学；固相微萃取；全二维气相色谱-质谱；多变量统计分析
中图分类号：O657 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2026）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0056
Detection of Volatile Metabolites in Four Foodborne Pathogens Using a Novel SPME/GC×GC-QTOF-MS Strategy HUANG Bao-hua1,2, FANG Shu-ting2,3, HUANG Yi-quan2, CHEN Zhi-yong2, LIU Shu-qin*,3, ZHOU Zhi*,1 (1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; 2. Guangdong Academy of Sciences Institute of Testing and Analysis ( China National Analytical Center), Guangzhou 510070, China; 3. College of Environment and Climate, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China)
Abstract: Foodborne diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to food safety, creating an urgent need for convenient and effective pathogen detection methods. With the maturation of metabolomics technology and limitations in existing microbial volatile metabolite databases, the analysis of foodborne pathogen volatile metabolites has emerged as a promising alternative for pathogen identification in both food and clinical settings. To enable rapid, non-destructive identification of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, a volatile metabolite fingerprint?based in situ detection strategy was developed by coupling solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography?quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC?QTOF-MS). A novel self-fabricated SPME probe was employed to achieve high-coverage capture and efficient enrichment of microbial volatile metabolites released by Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella, and Enterobacter sakazakii, resulting in the identification of 107 microbial volatile organic compounds. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant separation of volatile metabolic features among the different pathogenic bacteria. A total of 21 potential differential volatile metabolites were identified, comprising 5, 5, 7, and 4 metabolites from B. cereus, S. pyogenes, Shigella, and E. sakazakii, respectively. Subsequent validation in food samples demonstrated that indole could serve as a characteristic volatile marker for E. sakazakii and remained detectable in dairy matrices. These results indicate that volatile metabolite fingerprint analysis has potential for rapid identification of foodborne pathogens and may provide a valuable reference for food safety monitoring.
Key words: foodborne pathogenic bacteria; microbial volatile organic compounds; metabolomics; solid phase microextraction; comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; multivariate statistical analysis
【标准物质与标准品】
乙二胺四乙酸二钠标准滴定溶液浓度测量方法的对比研究
郑琦，曹晓蓉，张永吉*，郁家骏*，白倩
(国药集团化学试剂有限公司，上海 201506)
摘要：对比研究了光度滴定电极法与化学滴定法测量乙二胺四乙酸二钠标准滴定溶液浓度的优缺点。实验表明：光度滴定电极法标定0.05010、0.1006 mol/L的乙二胺四乙酸二钠容量分析用溶液标准物质的En值分别为：0.19和0.008，均小于1，光度滴定电极法的测试结果与乙二胺四乙酸二钠容量分析用溶液标准物质特性值的一致性满足要求。光度滴定电极法与化学滴定法测试乙二胺四乙酸二钠容量分析用溶液标准物质浓度的相对标准偏差均小于0.1%，但光度滴定电极法的重复性表现相比化学滴定法更加优秀。光度滴定电极法测试乙二胺四乙酸二钠容量分析用溶液标准物质浓度的相对扩展不确定度（0.17%、0.15%）小于化学滴定法（0.21%、0.23%），测试结果的准确性更高。光度滴定电极法每次滴定所消耗的时间约为117 s，化学滴定法每次滴定所消耗的时间约为271 s，光度滴定电极法的滴定速度明显快于化学滴定法的滴定速度。
关键词：自动电位滴定；乙二胺四乙酸二钠标准滴定溶液；光度滴定电极；化学滴定；相对标准偏差；相对误差
中图分类号：O655 文献标识码：A 文章编号：
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0055
Comparative Study of Different Methods of Measuring the Concentration of a Disodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Standard Titration Solution ZHENG Qi, CAO Xiao-rong, ZHANG Yong-ji*, YU Jia-jun*, Bai Qian (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201506, China)
Abstract：A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of photometric titration with an electrode and chemical titration in determining the concentrations of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) standard titration solutions. The respective En values used for calibrating the 0.05010 and 0.1006 mol/L EDTA standard solutions using photometric titration with an electrode were 0.19 and 0.008, respectively which are <1. The results obtained using photometric titration with an electrode displayed satisfactory consistencies with the characteristic values of the EDTA standard solutions. Both methods exhibited relative standard deviations of <0.1% when evaluating EDTA standard solutions, with photometric titration using an electrode displaying a superior repeatability compared to that of chemical titration. The relative expanded uncertainties of concentration determination using photometric titration with an electrode (0.17% and 0.15%) were lower than those of chemical titration (0.21% and 0.23%), indicating a higher measurement accuracy. Photometric titration with an electrode required approximately 117 s per titration cycle, which was significantly faster than the duration of 271 s required for chemical titration, revealing a markedly improved titration efficiency.
Key words：automatic potentiometric titrator; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt standard titration solution; Photometric titration electrode; chemical titration; relative standard deviation; relative error
【合成与应用】
嵌段共聚物与刚性功能粒子的受限共组装及其微结构调控机制研究
童亮1,曾芸1,罗?h1，刘忠春2，李金辉*1
（1. 江西理工大学 江西省功能晶态材料化学江西省重点实验室，江西 赣州 341000；2. 江西永通科技股份有限公司，江西 赣州 341000）
摘要：通过构建4种嵌段共聚物（P2VP-b-PtBA、P2VP-b-PNIPAAm、PS-b-P4VP、PS-b-PNIPAAm-b-PMMA）与4种刚性功能粒子（天然石墨、包裹石墨、硬碳、普鲁士蓝类似物）的系统研究模型，采用溶剂蒸发诱导的三维受限共组装方法，并利用透射电子显微镜对复合形貌进行系统表征。结果表明，聚合物链段的化学性质通过调控液滴在刚性粒子表面的润湿行为，主导了最终复合形貌的形成。具体而言，含聚苯乙烯嵌段的体系凭借与石墨表面之间的强π-π相互作用，实现连续、紧密的包覆结构；含聚乙烯基吡啶嵌段的体系则通过其吡啶基团与普鲁士蓝颗粒表面金属离子的配位作用，实现特异性吸附，形成稳固的“球-方块”异质镶嵌结构；而在缺乏此类特异性相互作用的体系中，则观察到明显的去润湿现象，导致聚合物微球发生屈曲、团聚或微相分离。建立了聚合物-填料界面相互作用与复合形貌之间的结构-性能关联，为功能化复合材料的微观结构预先设计提供了具有一定普适性的方法参考。
关键词：嵌段共聚物；三维受限组装；复合材料；界面润湿；微结构调控
中图分类号：O631 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0258-3283（2026）--
DOI：10.13822/j.cnki.hxsj.2026.0038
Restricted Co-Assembly of Block Copolymers and Rigid Functional Particles and Their Microstructural Regulation Mechanisms TONG Liang1, ZENG Yun1, LUO Yue1, LIU Zhong-chun2, LI Jin-hui*1 (1. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Crystalline Materials Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China; 2. Jiangxi Yongtong Technology Co., Ltd., Ganzhou 341000, China)
Abstract：A systematic research model comprising four block copolymers (P2VP-b-PtBA, P2VP-b-PNIPAAm, PS-b-P4VP, and PS-b-PNIPAAm-b-PMMA) and four rigid functional particles (natural graphite, encapsulated graphite, hard carbon, and a Prussian blue analogue) was constructed using a solvent-evaporation-induced three-dimensional confined co-assembly method. The resulting composite morphologies were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the final composite morphology was primarily governed by the chemical properties of the polymer segments and involved regulation of the wetting behavior of droplets on the surfaces of the rigid particles. Specifically, systems containing polystyrene blocks formed continuous and dense coating structures via strong π-π interactions with the graphite surface. Systems containing polyvinylpyridine blocks exhibited specific adsorption through coordination between pyridine groups and metal ions on the surfaces of Prussian blue particles, forming stable heteromeric “ball-square” structures. Systems lacking such specific interactions exhibited significant dewetting phenomena, resulting in buckling, agglomeration, or microphase separation of polymer microspheres. A structure-property correlation between interfacial polymer-filler interactions and composite morphology was established, providing a general reference for the predesign of functionalized composite microstructures.
Key words：block copolymers; 3D restricted assembly; composite materials; interfacial wetting; microstructural regulation
